Which eco-friendly bags are less harmful to nature?

Which eco-friendly bags are less harmful to nature: biodegradable polymer ones or paper ones? It is impossible to find a single universal solution and unequivocally state which is more environmentally friendly: bioplastic or paper.

Many different factors come into play: the cost and complexity of obtaining raw materials, the energy resources spent on material production, logistics, sorting organization, and the distance from recycling facilities. In the search for an alternative to polyethylene, which has fallen into disfavor, we often find primitive and economically unprofitable solutions. For example, we try to follow fashionable eco-trends and begin to universally promote paper packaging. However, for a paper bag to justify the resources spent on its production, it must be used repeatedly (much longer than a polyethylene one). In practice, this is impossible: stylish kraft paper bags get dirty, crumple, soak through from moisture, and tear under the weight of potatoes or cabbage. Sometimes, they don’t even make it to the checkout.

A few more arguments against paper

Producing paper consumes 2-4 times more electricity, 3 times more water, and releases 70% more harmful substances into the atmosphere than producing plastic.
The carbon footprint of a paper shopper is at least 3 times larger than that of a polyethylene one.
Large-scale deforestation leads to climate change, the extinction of some animal species, and the disappearance of wild plants. This is the destruction of our shared unique ecosystem, where water resources are purified, oxygen cycles are regulated, and plants are pollinated.
Durable brown paper bags, supposedly "kraft," are actually made primarily not from recycled materials but from fresh wood. This process uses a huge amount of chemicals that cause colossal damage to nature. Making strong, high-quality kraft paper from recycled materials is quite difficult. Only large enterprises can afford such "luxury." For small businesses, production is unprofitable. Therefore, they produce "third-grade" products: toilet paper, cardboard, and egg trays.
Cardboard and paper factories destroy the ecology of entire regions. These industries are surrounded by scandals related to the pollution of surface and groundwater.